Model Overview

HOPE currently supports two operational model modes:

  1. GTEP: generation and transmission expansion planning
  2. PCM: production cost model (system operation)

Planned future modes:

  1. OPF (under development)
  2. DART (under development)

Shared Modeling Features

Both GTEP and PCM support:

  • RPS policy via clean_energy_policy: off (0), REC trading (1), or local annual compliance without pwe trading variables (2)
  • Carbon policy options via carbon_policy:
    • 0: off
    • 1: state emissions cap with penalty slack
    • 2: state allowance/cap-and-trade style with penalty slack
  • Flexible demand (DR) on/off via flexible_demand
  • Optional MILP fixed-LP dual recovery via write_shadow_prices = 1

GTEP-Specific Modes

  • inv_dcs_bin:
    • 1: binary investment/retirement decisions (MILP)
    • 0: relaxed investment decisions (LP relaxation)
  • planning_reserve_mode:
    • 0: off
    • 1: system-level RA
    • 2: zonal RA
  • operation_reserve_mode:
    • 0: off
    • 1: SPIN reserve only
  • Storage chronology:
    • Full-year mode (endogenous_rep_day = 0 and external_rep_day = 0): cyclic SOC wrap across hour 8760 -> hour 1
    • Representative-day mode (endogenous_rep_day = 1 or external_rep_day = 1): short-duration storage uses day anchors; long-duration storage links across representative periods

PCM-Specific Modes

  • unit_commitment:
    • 0: no UC
    • 1: integer UC (MILP)
    • 2: convexified UC
  • network_model:
    • 0: no network constraints (copper plate)
    • 1: zonal transport
    • 2: nodal DCOPF (angle-based)
    • 3: nodal DCOPF (PTDF-based)
  • operation_reserve_mode:
    • 0: off
    • 1: REG + SPIN
    • 2: REG + SPIN + NSPIN
  • summary_table:
    • 1: write summary analytics to output/Analysis/Summary_*.csv

DART Module

The lightweight in-memory DART API provides individual-generator day-ahead SCUC, rolling real-time SCED, generator N-1 security, and two-settlement accounting. See DART.